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KMID : 0895419970070020181
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Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Enviromental Hygiene
1997 Volume.7 No. 2 p.181 ~ p.195
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A Study on Factors Affecting Airborne Fume Composition and Concentration in Welding Process
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정지연/Jeong, Jee Yeon
신용철/박정근/오세민/박승현/이나루/문영한/Shin, Yong Chul/Park, Jung Keun/Oh, Se Min/Park, Seung Hyun/Lee, Na Roo/Moon, Young Hahn
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Abstract
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The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting the composition and concentrations of fumes generated from various types of welding processes. The results are as follows.
1. Iron(Fe), zinc(Zn) and manganese(Mn) were predominant in welding fumes. The Fe content in total fumes was 25.5% in coated electrode and 28.2% in CO₂ are welding, and the Zn content was 4.5% and 9.1%, respectively, and the Mn was 3.6% and 7.8%, respectively.
2. It was found that the important factors determining composition and concentration of fumes were type of industries, type of welding processes, type and composition of electrodes, composition of base metals, confinement of workplaces or condition of ventilation. work intensity, coated metals such as lead and Zn in paint.
3. The Mn content in airborne Fumes was highly correlated with that of electrode(r=0.77, P´$lt;0.01) and was about 4 times higher than that in electrodes or base metals. The results indicate that Mn is well evaporated into air during welding The higher vapor pressure of Mn may explain this phenomenon.
4. The airborne total fume concentrations were significantly different among types of industries (p$lt;0.001). The airborne total fume concentration was higher in order of steel-structure manufacturing(GM=15.1 ㎎/㎥), shipbuilding(GM=13.2 ㎎/㎥), automobile-component manufacturing (GM=7.8 ㎎/㎥) and automobile assembling, industry(GM=3.0 ㎎/㎥).
5. The airborne total fume concentration was 6 times higher in CO₂ welding than in coated electrode welding, and approximately 3 times higher in confined area than in open area, in steel-structure manufacturing industry.
6. The concentration of welding fume outside welding helmet was about 2 times higher than that inside it. It is recommended that air sampling be done inside helmet to evaluate worker´s exposure accurately, for it has an outstanding effect on reducing worker exposure to fumes and other contaminants.
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